What is a plant-based diet, and is it healthy? (2024)

New York City Mayor Eric Adams has long been an advocate of health eating, and his administration recently created six new plant-based lifestyle medicine programs throughout the city.He is also encouraging all New Yorkers to join him in plant-based eating, a habit he started after receiving a diabetes diagnosis. He says his health has improved, his mind is clearer, and his energy level is “amazing” after making the shift.

We spoke with clinical nutritionist Sabrina Toledano, MS, RD, a certified dietician-nutritionist who counsels patients at the Pancreas Center of NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical Center, to find out more about plant-based eating.

“If you want to follow a plant-based diet, think of it as a lifestyle change, not a diet,” Toledano says. “This mindset can help lead to health improvements, both physically and mentally.”

What is a plant-based diet?

A plant-based diet is exactly what it sounds like. The diet consists primarily of food made of plants: fruits and vegetables in addition to nuts, seeds, whole grains, and legumes.

A plant-based diet is not a vegetarian or vegan diet; you can eat poultry, beef, eggs, fish, and dairy products, however most of your nutrient intake is coming from plant-based food sources. There is no set ratio of plant to animal foods on a plant-based diet, but at least 2/3 of each plate of food (or meal) you eat is a good way to start. The emphasis should be on plants.

Is a plant-based diet healthy?

Yes. A plant-based diet is considered to be nutrient-dense and packed with fiber, healthy fats, protein, vitamins, and minerals. It is a very healthy way of eating and can meet all of your nutrient needs.

What is a plant-based diet, and is it healthy? (1)

Who is a plant-based diet right for?

Most adults can benefit from a plant-based diet. Research shows plant-based diets may prevent and treat chronic diseases and reduce dependence on medications. If you suffer from a digestive disease, consult your doctor prior to changing your diet.

How do you get enough protein on a plant-based diet?

Try not to equate protein with meat. There are a lot of great plant-based protein sources, including tofu, lentils, beans, nuts and nut butters, seeds, and quinoa. Don’t forget: Dairy, eggs, beef, poultry, and fish are allowed on the plant-based diet, they just shouldn’t be the center of the meal.

How do you start a plant-based diet?

Getting started on a plant-based diet may seem overwhelming, but take it one day at a time. Eat a variety of fruits and/or vegetables with all meals. Incorporate whole grains, such as oatmeal, quinoa, farro, brown rice, or whole wheat bread. Healthy fats—avocado, nuts, olives, seeds—are a great way to keep you satisfied.

To start: Each meal or snack should be made up of 2/3 plants and no more than 1/3 animal product (egg, yogurt, fish, or poultry). As you get used to eating more plants, try limiting yourself to one animal product a day.

Should any plants be avoided on a plant-based diet?

All plants can be included on a plant-based diet.

What is a plant-based diet, and is it healthy? (2024)

FAQs

What is a plant-based diet, and is it healthy? ›

A plant-based diet is considered to be nutrient-dense and packed with fiber, healthy fats, protein, vitamins, and minerals. It is a very healthy way of eating and can meet all of your nutrient needs.

What is the downside of a plant-based diet? ›

Cons of a Plant-Based Diet

Potential Nutrient Deficiencies: Vegetarian and vegan diets need to pay extra attention to ensure they're getting enough protein, calcium, iron, and vitamin B12 in their diets.

Is a plant-based diet really healthier? ›

But it's also common to choose a plant-based diet because it's considered healthier. And that's for good reason. Research over many years has linked plant-based diets to lower rates of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers (as compared with diets high in meat and other animal products).

What foods do you eat on a plant-based diet? ›

Plant-based or plant-forward eating patterns focus on foods primarily from plants. This includes not only fruits and vegetables, but also nuts, seeds, oils, whole grains, legumes, and beans. It doesn't mean that you are vegetarian or vegan and never eat meat or dairy.

Can I eat eggs on a plant-based diet? ›

Eggs can and should be part of a plant-based diet, and these five suggestions showcase how easy it is to incorporate the incredible egg into your plant-forward dishes.

What are unhealthy plant-based foods? ›

an unhealthful plant-based diet that emphasized consumption of less healthy plant foods, such as fruit juices, refined grains (pasta, white rice, and processed breads and cereals), potatoes (French fries and potato chips), and sugar-sweetened beverages, while reducing the intake of healthy plant foods as well as animal ...

Can I eat bread on a plant-based diet? ›

Vegans can eat bread that does not contain animal products or byproducts. This includes breads that only use some variation on flour, water, yeast, and salt including ciabatta, baguette, focaccia, sourdough, pita, and ezekiel breads.

Do doctors recommend a plant-based diet? ›

Many doctors, dieticians, and other health professionals advocate for a plant-based diet. In part, this is because of the health risks associated with animal products. There is an increasing body of evidence that links meat consumption—particularly that of red and processed meats—with chronic illness.

Can you eat pasta on a plant-based diet? ›

Yes, pasta can be part of a vegan diet. Traditional pasta is typically made from wheat flour and water, and these ingredients are plant-based and considered vegan. However, when choosing pasta, it's essential to check the ingredients label to ensure there are no added non-vegan components, such as eggs.

Can I eat chicken on a plant-based diet? ›

A plant-based diet is not a vegetarian or vegan diet; you can eat poultry, beef, eggs, fish, and dairy products, however most of your nutrient intake is coming from plant-based food sources.

Can I eat cheese on a plant-based diet? ›

What you can't eat on a plant-based diet. Predominantly plant-based eaters will naturally consume less meat, including processed meat, eggs and dairy, but unless you are following a strict vegetarian or vegan diet, you can still enjoy moderate amounts.

Can you eat bananas on a plant-based diet? ›

Let's start, then, with a vegan diet grocery list that can be the baseline for all vegetarian diet foods list: Fruits: apples, pears, strawberries, blueberries, pineapple, bananas, etc. Choose in-season fruits, and opt for frozen fruit for smoothies.

Is oatmeal part of a plant-based diet? ›

The definition of a plant-based diet can depend on who you ask. Generally, it is an eating style that emphasizes real, whole foods that come from plants, including: Vegetables: kale, spinach, tomatoes, cauliflower, potatoes, squash, etc. Whole grains: brown rice, oats, quinoa, barley, etc.

Is tuna part of a plant-based diet? ›

People who follow a vegan diet avoid eating animal products, including conventional canned tuna, which is the key ingredient for popular dishes such as tuna melts and tuna salad sandwiches. Here's why cruelty-free and sustainable vegan tuna is a better choice. Traditional canned tuna is, of course, made from fish.

What's the healthiest meat substitute? ›

  • 1 Tempeh. Tempeh has become fairly standard in most supermarkets and hip all-day eateries, but what actually is it? ...
  • 2 Jackfruit. Despite its status as a tropical fruit, jackfruit surprisingly makes another good substitute for meat. ...
  • 4 Beans. ...
  • 5 Seitan. ...
  • 6 Mushrooms. ...
  • 7 Cauliflower.

Is cheese part of a plant-based diet? ›

Given that dairy — including cheese — does not require the slaughtering of an animal, it's usually permitted by lacto- and lacto-ovo-vegetarians, as well as some pescatarians. On the other hand, vegans avoid all animal products or animal byproducts, including dairy and milk.

What are 5 potential drawbacks of following a vegan diet? ›

Cons of a Vegan Diet
  • Potential Nutrient Deficiencies — A vegan diet may lack certain essential nutrients such as vitamin B12, iron, calcium, omega-3 fatty acids, and protein. ...
  • Challenges in Eating Out — Finding suitable vegan options can be difficult, especially in non-vegan-friendly areas.
Nov 1, 2023

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